Flipped Classroom - Is it Effective? Do Students Prefer This Method?

Is a flipped classroom efficacious for student learning? Or are other methods of teaching such as lecturing or hands-on activities in class more preferential? As the flipped classroom model is a relatively new structure, let's define it. It constitutes as having the teaching and learning elements take place outside the classroom setting while the problem-solving and critical thinking strategies from the material are now brought inside of the classroom. This is a "flipped" model because traditionally, learning and lectures took place inside the classroom and the materials would be taken home to further expound upon. As this is a modern phenomenon, research is being conducted on if this is truly beneficial for students learning, is it helping or hindering? Some research studies report a small increase in learning, a small increase in student satisfaction, and a higher likelihood of continuous-learning outcomes. The argument supporting this model typically stems from the idea that there is more personalization allowance and more room for individualized approaches to learning. In theory, this would lead to increased levels of student performance and lower failure rates. Active learning is another key component to the efficacy of the flipped classroom; the productivity of the student in their learning may impact outcomes. Additionally, incorporating cooperative learning (partners, pair-share) into flipped learning has also been proven to help with accountability of actively learning material. Most of these models include diagnostic assessments that may include a grade attached which also maintains students' accountability while studying. On the "flip" side (pun intended), some factors that may make this model less effective for students may include: a work-overload with independent learning, more of a trial-error approach, and potentially more dissatisfaction in students if they do not understand the material on their own time and are expected to test on it in class.

Classroom: 4 chairs per table, circular table in the left-hand corner.

In a personal anecdote, based on personal experience, I do not prefer a flipped classroom format. I grew up with the traditional teaching format where learning happened in the classroom and studying & homework happened at home. As a student, this kept me more accountable. It reminds me of going to the gym, I am much more likely to push myself harder if I have other people around me who are working hard at improving themselves. It would be similar to the reason why some prefer going to a location to study or do homework - such as the library - where everyone else is of the same mindset. Working out or doing homework alone at home presents more distractions for me as my mind tends to wander. When learning a new subject, I am much more likely to stay focused and accountable when there is a lecture being given in person surrounded by peers. Then, I can ask questions and receive immediate feedback. Since Covid, I have learned that sitting at home on a computer all day and receiving instruction at home did not aid in retention. The research has not yet come out yet surrounding this time period and how it impacted learning, especially in a flipped classroom format. I would like to see current surveys and studies to see if student satisfaction has increased or decreased in recent years with flipped classroom formats.